Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect where the esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) doesn’t develop properly. Instead of forming a continuous tube, the esophagus ends in a blind pouch, preventing food from reaching the stomach. Often, this condition is found alongside another issue called tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), where there’s an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the windpipe.
In this post, we’ll explain the causes, risk factors, and how the condition is diagnosed.
What Causes Esophageal Atresia?
The exact cause of this birth defect isn’t fully understood. However, it’s believed to happen during early pregnancy when the esophagus doesn’t form properly. Normally, the esophagus connects to the stomach around the 4th or 5th week of pregnancy, but this process can be interrupted in some cases.
While most instances are random, certain genetic conditions, like VACTERL association (a group of abnormalities affecting the vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, and limbs), may increase the likelihood of this condition. These genetic factors could lead to multiple developmental defects, including issues with the esophagus.
Risk Factors
Though no one knows exactly why some babies develop this condition, there are a few factors that may increase the risk:
Genetic Factors:
Conditions like VACTERL association can make it more likely.
Maternal Health:
Health issues such as diabetes during pregnancy can raise the risk of the baby having this condition.
Previous Births with EA:
If a woman has had a child with this defect before, there’s a higher chance it could happen again.
Environmental Factors:
Exposure to certain chemicals, medications, or drugs during pregnancy may play a role, though this is still being studied.
How is Esophageal Atresia Diagnosed?
The condition is usually diagnosed shortly after birth when doctors observe certain signs. Some common symptoms include:
- Excessive drooling or difficulty swallowing saliva
- Choking or coughing when attempting to feed
- Trouble breathing or rapid breathing
If doctors suspect this condition, they will confirm the diagnosis with a few tests. These might include:
- X-rays: A chest or contrast X-ray will show if there’s a gap in the esophagus or if TEF is present.
- Endoscopy: A small camera may be used to check for abnormalities in the esophagus.
- Ultrasound: In some cases, ultrasounds during pregnancy can help detect issues before birth.
Once diagnosed, your baby may be referred to a specialist or an esophageal atresia surgeon in Indore for further evaluation and treatment.
Treatment for Esophageal Atresia
Surgery is the main treatment for this condition. The surgeon will work to reconnect the esophagus or create a new pathway so food can reach the stomach. This procedure is typically done within the first few days or weeks of life. If TEF is present, it will be repaired during the same surgery. After the surgery, doctors will closely monitor the baby to ensure proper healing and recovery.
If you’re looking for an esophageal atresia surgeon in Indore, make sure to choose one with experience in dealing with this rare condition. The right medical care will give your child the best chance at a healthy recovery.
Esophageal atresia is a serious condition, but with early diagnosis and treatment, most children can go on to live healthy, normal lives. If you suspect your child may have EA or need help with treatment options, don’t hesitate to reach out to a trusted medical professional or an esophageal atresia surgeon in Indore for expert care and guidance.